QWERTY Keyboard: How Did It Come Into Being?
Now, to know about the said keyboard layout, we have to go to the pre-computer days when the typewriter was a revolutionary device for typists around the world. The origin of the QWERTY keyboard layout directly connects to the working of the typewriter.
The First Typewriters
Back in November 1868, Christopher Latham Sholes, along with his three colleagues, shipped the first 28-key typewriter to the Porter’s Telegraph College in Chicago. Two years later, in 1870, Matthias Schwalbach worked with Sholes to develop a 38-key typewriter, including special keys for hyphen, comma, period, and the question mark. As per Scholes’ typed letters and patent filings, the keyboard layout of these typewriters was not nearly close to the current QWERTY layout. The latter model had four rows of keys laid out in almost alphabetical order.
Origin of the QWERTY Layout
So, how did Sholes move from the logical alphabetical layout to the current haphazard QWERTY layout? Well, one of the most popular theories is that the inventor created the QWERTY layout to prevent typewriter keys from a mechanical lock-up. Now, to understand this, first, we need to learn how a typewriter works. Underneath the keys of a typewriter, there are hammer-like inked strikers which sit adjacent to each other on a type-bar. So, when a typist typed a word with the keys that are on the same type bar, the striker of the keys would often get jammed with each other, causing a mechanical lock-up on the typewriter. It happened mainly due to the succession of the adjacent often-used keys on the Bigram Frequency of usage. For the uninitiated, Bigram Frequency usage is a technique of statistical language identification that clearly shows the most-paired letters of the alphabet (picture below).
So, to prevent the mechanical lock-up of typewriter keys, Sholes came up with the idea of placing the most-used pairs of letters, as per the Bigram Frequency usage, apart from each other. Hence, if this theory is true, then the QWERTY layout is one such layout that put the keys of the most common letter pairings such as “t h”, “i n”, “h e”, and others most apart from each other.
An Unusual Decision By Christopher Latham Sholes
However, an anomaly of Sholes’ new layout is still a mystery to historians. See, early prototypes of Sholes’ typewriters reportedly showed a slightly different keyboard layout, where the “R” key was not there at the top row. So, it was a QWE.TY layout. Yeah, the period was in the place of the ‘R’ key. However, before filing a patent for his new keyboard layout, Sholes changed it to the current QWERTY keyboard layout by putting the “R” key adjacent to the “E” key. Now, it was an unusual move by Sholes as the “er” letter pairing is fourth on the Bigram Frequency index. So, moving the “R” key next to the “E” key did not make sense to many historians. Nonetheless, the patent was filed for the QWERTY layout, and over time, it became a universal keyboard layout. Although the reason for the origin of the QWERTY layout does not make sense in today’s world, it certainly is interesting to see that Sholes’ idea for a keyboard layout is still intact in modern computing devices.
